Examination of the Relationships Between Birth Weight and...

Purpose of Study The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the full birth weight distribution and prevalence of specific developmental disabilities and related measures of health and the use of special education services by US children. The researchers in this study collected and used data from the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for this research analysis. The NHIS is conducted annually and is a multistage probability sample survey of the US civilian, non-institutionalized population. Basic demographic and health information was collected during an in-person interview. The Sample Child Core questionnaire obtained information on the health of one randomly selected child is provided by a knowledgeable adult (usually a parent or other legal guardian). The data that is collected from this questionnaire represented the primary source for the researchers analysis. The researchers used a sample of 87,578 children. More than 50% of children were white and we re from families with a household income above the federal poverty level and maternal education beyond high school. Compared with children with birth weights of 3,500 – 3,999g, children in all birth weight categories less than 3,000g were more likely to have one or more developmental disabilities (3.4% – 1.2% vs 1.1%). Children in all birth weight categories less than 2,500g were more likely to have three or more DDs (2.6% – 6.5% vs 1.2%). In evaluating specificShow MoreRelatedDescription Of An Example Of A Presentation8050 Words   |  33 Pageswith a disability. Assistive Technology Service - ­Ã¢â‚¬  any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition or use of an assistive technology device. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) – a severe difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention; often leads to learning and behavior problems at home, school, and work; also called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Autism (Autism Society of America Home Page) Autism is a complex developmental disability thatRead MoreHealth History for Health Assessment Essay3959 Words   |  16 PagesHistory Biographical Data Date: 05-23-2010 Name: Ricky Ricardo Gender: Male Race/Ethnicity: Hispanic Marital Status: Married Date of Birth: XX/XX/XX Occupation: Medical Device Representative Address: XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Phone Number: (XXX) XXX-XXXX Contact Person (relationship to patient): Lucille Ball/wife (XXX) XXX-XXXX Reason for Seeking Healthcare: â€Å"Providing a Health History for Health Assessment† History of Present Illness: Patient doesRead Moreunit 022 childcare4845 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿ Unit 022 Outcome 1 1. The sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 are the following: Babies at birth – most are born at 40 week and premature babies more often need a little more time to reach the same level of development as babies born in and after the 40th week. Most are born with just reflexes for survival at first. These would be swallowing, sucking reflexes to help feed. Rooting reflex baby will move its head if the cheek is touched to find a nipple or teatRead MoreMalnutrition: Nursing Theory and Nutritional Status3325 Words   |  14 Pagesthat malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity. Malnutrition is an underlying factor in many diseases in both children and adults, and it contributes greatly to the disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Malnutrition is caused by various factors, which includes an individual s vulnerability to health disorders due to fragile physical health conditions and different lifestyles. The first category, wherein physicalRead MoreDepth Look At Autism Spectrum Disorder3112 Words   |  13 PagesSpectrum Disorder, or ASD, is a complex developmental disorder which is usually diagnosed during the first 3 years of life. The disorder is characterized by severe difficulty or inability in communicating, socializing, forming relationships with others, and responding appropriately to the environment. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-IV, ASD was one of the diagnosis covered under the Persuasive Developmental Disorders category. The other diagnosesRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 PagesHealthy People 2010 box on pg. 426* 2. What is mental health? (pg. 433) Mental health: being able to engage in productive activities and fulfilling relationships with other people, to adapt to change, and to cope with adversity. (by Healthy People 2010) It is an integral part of personal well-being, of both family and interpersonal relationships, and of contributions to community or society. How can nurses help families cope with the many conditions characterized by alterations in their thinkingRead MoreMontessori and Brain Development4796 Words   |  20 PagesTraining Institute May 14, 2011 MONTESSORI’S APPROACH AND RECENT BRAIN RESEARCH 2 Abstract New technological advances in brain research allow scientists better understanding of how the brain develops. From birth, the task of the brain is to establish and reinforce connections between neurons. Dr. Montessori’s approach on brain development in young children coincides with much of the most recent brain research. Dr. Montessori discovered from her observations that the early years of a child’sRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 PagesPractice Examination For HESI exit Part One You will have two hours and 30 minutes to complete Part One. 1. Which of the following describes a preterm neonate? A. A neonate weighing less than 2,500 g (5 lb, 8 oz). B. A low-birth-weight neonate. C. A neonate born at less than 37 weeks gestation regardless of weight. D. A neonate diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation. 2. A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has just learned she s pregnant. The nurse is teaching herRead MoreMedical Test with An swers Essay example16933 Words   |  68 Pagesprimary prevention in the community. Which action should the nurse implement? A. Immunizations that decrease occurrences of many contagious diseases. Correct B. Blood pressure screenings to identify persons with high blood pressure. C. Breast self-examination (BSE) for young women instead of a mammogram. D. Home care monitoring for clients who are high-risk due to pregnancy. Primary prevention involves health promotion and disease prevention activities to decrease the occurrence of illness and enhanceRead MoreComprehensive 1 Essay18452 Words   |  74 Pagesprimary prevention in the community. Which action should the nurse implement? A.   Immunizations that decrease occurrences of many contagious diseases.  Correct B.   Blood pressure screenings to identify persons with high blood pressure. C.   Breast self-examination (BSE) for young women instead of a mammogram. D.   Home care monitoring for clients who are high-risk due to pregnancy. Primary prevention involves health promotion and disease prevention activities to decrease the occurrence of illness and enhance

Heave in Hell in C.S. Lewis´ The Great Divorce Essay

In his novel The Great Divorce, C.S. Lewis depicts two settings: one of a grey town where whatever you want is provided for you and another of grand pasture. These settings, in the book, represent Heaven in Hell in a way, depending on which characters perspective the places are viewed from. However, the places that the main character visits and the journey that he takes is one that can be used to model the journey of our spiritual walk. Similar to how the protagonist starts in a bleak town then travels through a beautiful but harsh pasture towards the mountains, our lives start in the darkness of sin, but then we travel through the treacherous but worthwhile journey of faith towards eternity with God. As humans, we are born into sin; from†¦show more content†¦But there is salvation through Christ. In the novel, the protagonist and others travel to the most glorious landscape theyve ever seen. They soon find that the land is so dense that it takes all of their strength to lift merely a leaf; the grass pokes up into their feet, making the terrain difficult to cross. The solid people of what we soon learn is Heaven promise that walking upon the grass towards the mountains will hurt less at every step. Its understood that the mountains represent the city of Heaven, or an eternal life with God. Crossing the terrain is similar to the trials we face on our walk with Him; 2 Timothy 3:12 mentions that Indeed, all who desire to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, but James 1:12 asserts, Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him. Indeed, as the solid people continually promise, the journey becomes easier the closer the ghosts get to the mountains. In a similar fashion, our walks with Him become less tumultuous as we grow closer to Him, until our eventual deaths where we can finally be with Him in heaven. There is a point where this general model fails, though. Ephesians 2:8 states, For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God. This verse is the basis of sola fide, meaning we as humans are given the

Counrywide Financial Free Essays

Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown 1. Are subprime loans an Unethical financial instrument, or are they ethical but misused in a way that created ethical issues? In my opinion I think subprime loans is an ethical in some ways but for the most part it’s got misused. One way that I think subprime was misused was the fact that when the economy began to slow down, people started working more and earning less money, subprime lending continued to lend to increasingly risky buyers. We will write a custom essay sample on Counrywide Financial or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another cause of misusing subprime lending was the fact that they allowed real estate appraisers to inflate the value of a home to insure loans would go through 2. Discuss the ethical issue that caused the downfall of countrywide Financial. One of the Ethical issue that cause the downfall of countrywide financial is the allegations that accused them of increasing its profit by offering subprime loans to people who qualified for regular loans. Another Ethical issue that caused countrywide financial to there downfall was the fact that they gave out liar loans. Liar loans were loans that required no proof of borrowers income or assets allowing consumers to purchase homes while having few or no assets. Many homeowners with liar loans could not pay their mortgages nor were they able to refinance their homes. 3. How should Bank of America deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct discovered at countrywide? One of the ways I think Bank of America should deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct is by dealing with all the lawsuits that have been filed against the company for dumping homeowners with predatory loan practices. Something else I think Bank of America should start doing is managing Countrywide’s debt by helping homeowners by reducing there interest rate so the foreclosure rate could get lower. How to cite Counrywide Financial, Papers

Defense Mechanisms Essay Sample free essay sample

Psychological Defense Mechanisms are unconscious ways the human mind protects me from unwanted negative onslaughts on my ain self-image. Two ways that my unconscious reacts when in defence manner is to utilize Avoidance and Counterattack in an effort to portray my self- image in a positive manner. As a Volunteer Firefighter and Emergency Medical Technician. I frequently find myself utilizing these types of mechanisms on the occupation. For illustration. Rationalization. Repression and Displacement are the most normally used by me. In General. upon returning back to the station after a home fire. the company officers critique each Firefighter’s work during the incident. As a Firefighter. I am expected to have on personal protective equipment at all times. However. on this peculiar occupation while seeking for victims I failed to have on my Nomex goon designed to protect my ears and exposed cervix from heat and fires. When questioned about my neglect for section policy I rapidly used rationalisation to support myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Defense Mechanisms Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I told my head that there was no heat during the secondary hunt and that there were no seeable fires showing a direct menace to myself. Even though I knew what the policy was I attempted to debar his chiding by apologizing with him. Clearly. I was incorrect. Furthermore. as an Emergency Medical Technician I respond to citizen 911 calls bespeaking immediate medical attending and conveyance to the exigency room. A bulk of those calls are non-critical instances and remain everyday. However. on juncture I am dispatched to a abode for a cardiac apprehension necessitating me to make my best all the piece adhering to the province protocols with respect to continuing life. I have had my portion of saves in the field. but besides experienced my portion of patients who do non last despite good CPR and other medical intercessions. In most instances. I remain unaffected with big loss of life yet I find myself practising repression with child patient decease. Feigning that I remain emotionally detached when I lose a kid in the field merely works for a piece. Repressing the unhappiness and choler of such a call allows me to bury temporarily about the calamity. Consequently. my pent up emotions finally come to the surface in t he signifier of perennial statements between my married woman and I. Finally. a calling in the Emergency Services leaves me with a demand to uncompress and equilibrate my emotions. but working 24 hr displacements there is small clip to make so. Name after call and patient after patient. relaxation seems like something that is merely enjoyed in professions other than mine. By the terminal of my circuit. I am annoyed and tired. More times than I’d like to advert I’m normally left waiting for my alleviation to get for their scheduled displacement. Merely when I’m about to travel place another call comes in I slam the truck door shut and angrily travel on wireless â€Å"Engine 14 responding! † Displacing my choler merely portrayed my self-image that twenty-four hours as unprofessional. In shutting. I believe that defence mechanisms can be utile in times of unhappiness or loss because they allow me to quash natural emotion and carry through the responsibilities of my occupation while staying professional in times of hardship. However. in my existent life illustrations ; Rationalization. Repression and Displacement methods of psychological defence finally do more injury than good. Redirecting my mistakes and choler toward others in my professional and civil relationships. creates ill will and contention. The early sensing of these mechanisms. and by having up to my errors will let me to keep an honest portraiture of whom I am as a individual.

Counseling Report Guide Essay Example

Counseling Report Guide Essay Counseling Report Guide I. Counseling Process A. Time and Setting B. Client’s behavior C. Client’s problem D. Counseling goal (Note: This should be agreed upon by client and counselor prior to the session) E. Counselor’s strategies and techniques F. Result of the counseling session (Note: If you and the counselee achieved the therapeutic goal? Why or why not? ) II. Analysis of the Session [Note: Include these questions in a question-and-answer format in the paper; use 12 font size, Arial, single spacing. Instructions: For each question, provide transcript segments to support your answer. Indicate Counselor (CR) and Counselee (CL) exchanges, include relevant nonverbal behavior of both parties, e. g. , pause/silence, laughter, teary eyes, loud/soft voice, etc. 1. What went well in the counseling process? Be specific. Give sample transcript segments. 2. What did not go well in the counseling process? Why? Be specific. Give example sample segments. 3. What did you do well as a counselor? Be specific. Give sample transcript segments. 4. What did you not do well as a counselor? Be specific. Give sample transcript segments. 5. Upon reflection, what should you have done? Be specific. 6. What insights did you have from your counseling experience? Counselee’s Reflection Paper Guide [Instructions: Include the questions in a question-and-answer format in the paper; use 12 font size, Arial, single spacing. ] REFLECTIONS AS A COUNSELEE: Analyze the counseling session from your erspective as a counselee. 1. How did it feel to undergo counseling? 2. Did you achieve your counseling goal (as agreed upon with the counselor)? 3. Evaluate your counseling experience with this particular counselor. a) In what way were you helped? Elaborate. b) In what way were you not helped? Elaborate. 4. Do you feel the need for further counseling about your presenting problem? Explain. 4. a If yes, would you like to have counseling with the same counselor? We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling Report Guide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling Report Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling Report Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Political Perspectives on Violence in Sports Essays

Political Perspectives on Violence in Sports Essays Political Perspectives on Violence in Sports Essay Political Perspectives on Violence in Sports Essay This paper seeks to choose one of the perspectives that I summarized in my definition essay and write an informed, well-researched piece which qualifies and nuances that position. Violence in sports may be viewed under two perspectives.   One view would like to see a good number of violence in sports activities but another perspective would prefer to have less violence.   As an example, some would like to play or watch the game of chess but others would like to watch foot ball. This paper would like to discuss and analyze one view perspective on sports violence that of the presence of a good number of violence.   Under said choice, this paper maintains the allowed violence should commensurate with the type of sport, the fans of the sport and the players involve in the sport. Although chess is actually a silent game, there could be still violence as form of intellectual or emotional abuse made by fans, players or media by the words they say about the events.   To say for example that the â€Å"challenger is a moron compared to Russian Chess grandmaster† could be considered a verbal abuse which could constitute psychogical violence.   In football the kind of violence could be more than verbal abuse, it could result to physical violence not only among the players but also among the fans and the media in their depiction of the game.   The presence of violence in sports would seem to give truth to what George Orwell once said, Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play.   It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words it is war minus the shooting.[1]   Lance and Ross also confirmed that sports violence will likely occur.[2] The seeming nature of the games or sports would have discouraged people away from violence but why the attraction of people to violence?   Goldstein explained   the appeal of violent sports, arguing, â€Å"If we define violence as the unsanctioned or illegitimate use of harmful or destructive physical force, which I take to be a reasonable definition, then sports confront us with a paradox: boxing matches and a number of other sports events involve a great deal of interpersonally harmful but nonetheless sanctioned physical force.   In sports as in warfare, whose image sports are often taken to be, some forms of interpersonal violence are legitimate.   In many sports, physical violence is the core if not the name of the game.†[3] This should not be surprising since a game is a competition and what seems to be most intensive one is one where people participate with their all faculties.   Fans identity themselves with the players.   If their teams win, they also win and the glory of winning is simply priceless for many sports enthusiasts.   Goldstein used history to explain the appeal of violence saying: â€Å"The prestige of a Roman gladiator increased with the number of opponents he slew.   The mayhem at a medieval tournament was often more deadly than the carnage of a real battle†¦.   In our own time, a number of boxers have been beaten to death by opponents who were subsequently judged exempt from legal prosecution for assaults that are severely penalized if committed outside sports specially privileged time and space.   Like gladiatorial combats and knightly jousts, boxing matches are haunted by the specter not only of serious injury but also of immediate death.   Yet, these and similar ly violent sports spectacles have been enormously popular.   Why has this been so?   Before I venture a partial and tentative answer to this deceptively simple question, it will be useful very briefly to consider the spectators behavioras opposed to their motivations.† [4] Given the inherent nature of violence how to prevent the violence would seem to be challenging. Prevention of violence in sport is a unique function.   Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) agreed when it said that deterring crime is not the same as preventing violence.   It argued saying, â€Å"Deterrents to crime such as burglar alarms, security bars, and neighborhood watch programs may reduce the likelihood of being burglarized, but do little to reduce violence.   Many believe that owning a gun is a good way to protect their home and family.   On the contrary, people who keep a gun in the home are at increased risk of injury or death because the very gun acquired for protection will more likely be used against them by an acquaintance, relative, or themselves.   Again, the majority of violence in our society is committed neighbor against neighbor, acquaintance against acquaintance, and family member against family member.†[5] Given the inherent nature of violence in some sport requires no simple solution. OSDH suggested that a better understanding of factors which lead to violence will aid in violence prevention.   OSDH argued that effective prevention strategies require the understanding of how the potential for violent behavior develops.   Noting that violence encompasses a large array of acts and circumstances while many factors which contribute to violence are the same no matter what form the violence takes, OSDH suggested a control of the violence contributing factors.[6] OSDH argued that most researchers thought that the factors contributing violence are associated with the potential for a person to commit violent acts but the correlations and underlying reasons are not well understood.   It added that not everyone who is exposed to these contributing factors will commit violence and individuals are affected differently by the same factors.   Hence, it suggested there must be protective factors which contribute to an individuals resiliency.   It believed that these factors may build a strong network of protection against the influences of violence but emphasized the need for further knowledge of individual characteristics, circumstances or events, social and cultural processes, which encourage or support violence.[7] There is reason to agree with the analysis in preventing unnecessary and not allowed violence as OSDH logically argued for the clear relationship between risk factors and protective factors and the occurrence of violence.   OSDH said, â€Å"If there are only a few protective factors in the balance, then relatively few risk factors can easily offset the balance towards violence.   Even if there are a large number of protective factors in the balance, there can be an equally large number of risk factors in the balance, leaving the balance teetering back and forth.   It is clear that violence prevention must focus on both decreasing risk factors and increasing protective factors if the prevention is to be effective and efficient.†[8] Conclusion: Violence prevention in sports challenging job in sport design because violence may actually make the sports attractive and hence patronized by fans for many reason including avenues for expressing man’ s greatest emotions. Historically sports develop from events that were littered with violence and although liabilities were established for what may have appeared as legal sports, recent developments have allowed the non-litigation arising from sports activities.   Manmade sports may have allowed violence that are no longer preventable because they are consented may still be a better alternative as mode self expression than actual war among states. World War III will not come after all because of sports with violence.

MKT MGT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MKT MGT - Essay Example Broadly it tells who the product will be sold to, the marketing mix and its differentiation and positioning plans. The daily newspaper that I have selected for the purpose of this report is Financial Times. It is a corporate or business daily newspaper that is published in United Kingdom but is rotated all over the world. It was launched in 1988 by Horatio Bottomley. It was initially known as the London Financial Guide but was renamed later in the same year. In the early years it was in competition with another publication known as financial news but then both the papers were merged into 6 pages newspaper. It has a worldwide publication of around 432,990 (Mikdashi 2001). In this case the business usually divides the market into sub division based on some common characteristics such as demographics and then one or more segments are selected as target audience. This way they are able to cater to the needs of the audience in a better way. Segmentation can be based on multiple characteristics even. Initially Financial Times was only published in UK and was targeted for business people in that region but as globalization increased and the world started shrinking FT increased its coverage and started seeping from the UK boundaries. The first target audience was Germany with publication in Frankfurt then slowly it became a global newspaper with special additions and supplement for UK, USA, Middle East, Asia and continental Europe. Therefore people all around the world come under their scope and there is no segmentation in terms of geographic region. As the name suggests Financial Times is a business or corporate newspaper which is read by people who belong to the corporate world or students who plan to join it soon. This is the major most focus market of Financial Times. Apart from this people who have interest in the financial working of the market are also

Personal journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Personal journal - Essay Example Actually, to come think of it, I don’t really know what drives people to meditate but I guess it must be life’s pressures and stress. But looking at some people I know who meditate, I am not sure if it works. The first meditation site I opened was about guided-meditation techniques. I decided to be guided to meditate using what author had recommended. There was some music that I was asked to download. Upon playing it, a nice woman’s voice came up. There was a sitar playing at the background, sounds of water flowing in the river. I must tell you that I a bit relaxed by the music. Then the woman began to guide me. She asked me to lie down on an easy chair and concentrate on my breath and this is where my problem began. No matter how hard I tried I could not concentrate on my breath, something or the other came to my mind. Contrary to what she was saying, there was no sensation in my legs. All I could think of was school assignments, a friend’s party coming u p or my pocket money. It actually stressed me more than destressing, guess meditation is not my cup of tea.

Nurse practitioner school Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nurse practitioner school - Personal Statement Example I was subsequently requested to work in specialty surgery by a vascular surgeon due to my efficiency, experience, and expertise in various aspects of nursing. I did this for several years as I also worked and furthered my studies to obtain my registered nurse (RN) license. This was later on followed by working as a charge nurse in a very busy trauma center where I gained more knowledge in performing a variety of administrative and clinical duties by providing quality care nursing and coordinating total nursing care for patients and residents alike. My other duties had included implementing specific programs, procedures, and processes, expediting work flow but still ensure accuracy in quality health care, and being actively involved in many committees that recommended and implemented various evidence-based practical measures in nursing. I went on several medical missions in the past and these experiences were instrumental and influential in my desire to obtain a masters degree in nursing. Medical mission trips are very good ways to get grounded in reality and give back to underprivileged people right here within our own borders (Fahlbusch & Bromiley, 2003). The work of a nurse is quite challenging but is also extremely rewarding which is why I desire to obtain a masters degree in due

170D 20th Century China

170D 20th Century China Alice Locke The use of written language as a tool of communication is the most vital aspect of modern society. Almost everything deals with either our numerical or linguistic system to function, from the binary code running electronic devices to words directing traffic in a busy thoroughfare. Language exists to consistently and conveniently convey thought in an accessible medium. China faced, in the twilight of the Qing Dynasty, a crisis of identity where its people were scattered and divided as to how they were going to adapt their language towards their evolving needs. Jing Tsu, in his article, Chinese Scripts, Codes, and Typewriting Machines, delves into this issue, and elaborates on the struggles faced by intellectuals of the time as they attempted to reconfigure and reconstruct the chinese ideographic system for use in the modern era. Tsu argues that, The script revolution, which was often pushed into the background while bigger political events seized the stage of twentieth-century China, turned out to be the lasting one. It irreversibly augmented the global influence of the Chinese language, thereby opening up a new space for competition and co-option between the alphabetic and ideographic writing systems.1 Though the author then goes on to mention the obsolete nature of the identification of chinese script as ideographic, she maintains the distinction between the Chinese and western systems of writing. The core argument of this article is that while the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were a time of extraordinary social and political upheaval, the most lasting impact of this revolution was the alterations made to the Chinese script. The importance of this piece lies in its interpretations of the adaptations that contemporary intellectuals had to create to facilitate the Chinas transition into the modern era. Since antiquity, the Chinese writing system has been considered sacred, a divine writing system devised by the heavens, and for this reason, there had been a long held belief that any attempt to alter it would be sacrilege. In the face of such history, the intellectuals of the late Qing period were determined to produce a method of advancing their nations competency on the global level. Giving a disclaimer, the author chooses to focus neither on the interactions of languages nor the potential appropriations that they made on one another, attributing these assertions to scholarly articles.2 [120]Though these issues are intrinsic to the grand scale, they can be put aside for a more indepth look at a particular movement in history. The logographic text was used as a cultural standard establishing Chinas cultural prestige, but now it was becoming an issue, the complexity of the script made it very difficult for average people to have significant access. This in turn largely contributed t o the low rate of literacy in the population at the time, and more importantly, made writings very difficult to mass produce. Seeing this increasing divide between the current utility of the language and the increasing need for unavailable modes of communication, Chinese script writers put their life on the line to modernize their language, and to adapt it for a modern world focused on the maths and sciences.3 [120] At the onset of this literary revolution, the government was largely still favoring the antiquated system that had been used for centuries, unlike the intellectuals, the government was more concerned with the traditional thoughts of the script being handed down from the heavens, than recognizing a need to ingrain itself into the new world forming around it. Tsu then goes on to note an argument published by the Cambridge University Press, that establishes language as the basic method of argumentation and explanation.4 [121] This argument, presented as another scholarly ar ticle, establishes the basis of language and shows that even though different language system can have the same basis, they might not lead the people to the same ideologies. This illustrates the divide between eastern and western philosophies, not as a vast intellectual difference, but rather as a systematic lack of infrastructure to support varying logics. As a result of China being surpassed in technological and scientific disciplines, Chinese contemporaries looked towards the west for ideas to incorporate into their script revolution. These revolutionaries would incorporate various methods of writing from the west and Japan in order to better prepare the Chinese writing system for use in the modern scientific era. Many of these intellectuals experimented with Isaac Pitmans phonography in order to attempt to create a shorthand method of expressing Chinese while maintaining the general style of the system. Reverend Alexander Gregory created and published a possible version of shorthand Chinese in the Phonetic Journal which influenced and inspired others interested in the area to use his example as a basis for a modern Chinese shorthand.5 [130] The Phonetic Journal was a scholarly collection of works submitted, through this medium, ideas both simple and complicated could be examined and distributed by people throughout the globe. By see ing this example, intellectuals would not only have been given inspiration how to go about the revolution, but also a reminder of how their proposed script could be used to spread knowledge. Indeed, many of the proposed scripts came with an example, something recognizable that was translated into the shorthand that the author was attempting to establish. Tsu describes that each author had various motivations for their attempt at the creation of a simplified Chinese script, missionaries attempted to use it as a tool to better attract converts, intellectuals sought a better method of disseminating information, scientists wanted a better method of noting data, the Chinese people wanted an improvement to their writing system and many believed that shorthand was the best mode of revolution at the time.6 [131] The revolution continued to garner support, and quickly became a global endeavour, with contributions from as far away as Glasgow.7 [131] These publications taken from various scholarly journals were used to demonstrate the scope and nature of the early script revolution. Unfortunately though, the vast majority of the proposed scripts ran into similar problems, in essence they were too complicated and failed to meet the initial expectations of being easier to learn.8 [132] The creator of each script as well as those around him were able to grasp the concept without much effort, as intended, but the further away from himself that the creator got, it became a growingly difficult material to teach. Those that adopted the system early could adapt to the added rules and subtleties, but the systems became too complicated to be useful as shorthand.9 [134] Every language is complicated, with millennia of small changes that have led to vast differences between dialects, Chinese in the north i s a vastly different language than in the south, similar to comparing French and Italian, grammar and pronunciation rules are so different that trying to create a generic system for both languages would be extremely difficult. While both French and Italian use an alphabetical basis for their script, each has its own special characters, along with having pronunciation of similar strings of characters vastly differ, even within their own language. The greatest mistake of these script writers was to attempt to unify the script of the nation without unify the language of the nation. From the start, their approach was doomed to fail as they lacked the vision for scale, they created systems adapted for their personal needs at the time, but were unable to cater to the population as a whole. The failings of these early reformers would grow into a new era of reform in Chinese script. Tsu maintains that the window of opportunity was far too short for these radical shorthand methods to gain popularity and the gradual reform necessary to incorporate such system.10 [135] The debate for the path of the modern language reached the height of debate during these early years of the republic. It still wasnt entirely clear which direction the country was headed linguistically, with some called for a Han Script Revolution,11 [138] among other controversies that set the stage for a leap into typography. Lin Yutang, a chinese writer and pioneer in typography, set out to create a typewriter that would allow him along with millions of others to quickly and efficiently type in the Chinese script.12 [135] Lin is hailed as great writer of this time period, but his contributions towards typography are generally not mentioned, even though his machine served as a basis for many of the multilin gual and chinese-language typewriters.13 [137] The two main forms of script revolution revolved around either alphabetization or the simplifying of stroke order; Lin argued that these two concepts were not mutually exclusive, that both could be sued in conjunction to create a modern Chinese script.14 [138] This ideal published in the Princeton University Press, would serve as Lins basis for creating his system of typography. Lin experimented with and studied various models proposed by other linguists at the time, but he found that they were too complicated for the average person, that while work in theory, they failed in practice as the shorthand revolution had decades ago. Lins goal was to create a system that was accessible to the average user, one that was both aesthetically pleasing, as well as functional in purpose.15 [140] Finally, in 1924, he devised his own system which became the cornerstone of the indexical system for his typewriter.16 [140] These notions and discoveries w ere written in an autobiographical format by Lin later in his life, detailing his endeavors as he sought to create a typographical system accessible to everyday people. For this purpose, Lin created a system of alphabetically locating Chinese words based on stroke order rather than phonetic pronunciations. The first stroke of the character was used as the primary reference point, with each subsequent stroke being used to further narrow the search in a sort of alphabetical manner.This differed greatly from the traditional Reverse Cut which used the final, and usually most visible, stroke to classify characters.In this manner, Lin was able to organize the characters in a manner akin to aa, ab, ac, etc. which allowed him to organize his typewriter in the same fashion.17 [141-2] Lins system dismantled the arguments of alphabetic superiority by creating a system that functioned in a similar way using traditional Chinese characters. By figuring out a new mode of accommodating and assimilating alphabetic languages, Lin fused what he though was the best feature of both languages.18 [142] The keyboard of the machine displayed Chinese radicals and not latin characters which had previously antagonized critics of this format.19 [142] Lin detailed how his typewriter would accept input and then produce a selection of characters that would then be chosen by the author of the piece. He had finally created a method to distribute the Chinese language en masse. Indeed, he succeeded at his original goal in theory, but in practice, Lin faced entirely different problems than his predecessors. The simple fact of the matter was that it cost too much to produce. In order to facilitate the complexity of the machine, Lin was forced to order many specialized parts that increased the overhead cost above what was acceptable, to about $1000 per machine. This led to Lin selling the patent to the Mergenthaler corporation in 1951.20 [143] From this point onward, Lin was uninvolved in the legacy of his typewriter. At this point, Tsu switches from referencing Lins personal memoirs and delves into news reports and articles in magazines such as Scientific American to find information about the legacy of the Lins typewriter in modern computing. The patents made their way to IBM and were processed into what became the sinowriter. This machine was the ideal that Lin was unable to meet, it was an inexpensive typewriter that could easily be accessed, even by peopl e that werent able to understand Chinese themselves.21 [145] The ideal of the script revolution that began over half a century ago had been realized. From this point, the sinowriter would undergo several more upgrades which increased its functionalities, but the basic ideal stayed the same. The Chinese script had finally gained an effective recording technique it could use in the modern era. China gained linguistic independence with the creation of effective writing tools in the twentieth century. The script revolution began in the last days of the Qing Dynasty and continued worldwide throughout the length of the twentieth century. The first reforms were blinded by the notions that the script was inferior to western alphabets and only sought to create a shorthand method to supersede the traditional language. This conflicted with the very nature of Chinese society and faded into unpopularity quickly with the rise of typographic machines. A new struggle emerged with the primary focus being the effective translation of Chinese from a written to a printed text. Lin Yutang successfully overcame this enormous obstacle, before allowing others to refine his his invention into a more practical form. The work and effort of thousands of people worldwide is what allowed the sinowriter to become the first easily mass producible method of scripting the Chinese language. Jing Tsu detai ls the events and circumstances that led to the creation of the sinowriter primarily using scholarly articles from both modernity and contemporary sources. With the exception of Lins personal testimonials, Tsu sticks to using verifiable articles to establish an academic atmosphere for the article. The specifics of the accounts of newer sources might differ from what they were originally, but being scholarly articles, they maintain a high standard for their information. The core of the article dictates Chinas struggle towards finding a writing system befitting its entrance into the global stage.

Physics of Robots :: physics robot robots

Definition of a Robot A Robot is a reprogramable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or a specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks. In order to make a robot do anything it has to have a program or a set of programs that tell it to do certain tasks. Robots come in all different shapes and sizes. Some robots have been used to try and look and behave physically like a human being. Other robots are used for home entertainments. For example there is a robotic dog that now for sale that can behave and act like a dog. The nice thing about having a robotic dog is a person could shut it off when they get tired of it. Different Kinds of Robots Some robots have arms, legs, heads, wheels, and etc. There are robots that are used in big industrial factories. General Electric uses robotic arms to weld. The robotic arms can weld with such great precision that it looks perfect. There are also robots that have been used in movies such as Mighty Joe Young, Star Wars, and Jurrasic Park. Then there are also miniture robots that are designed like small insects such as horseflys and ladybugs. You can read about the insect robots in the National Geographics Magazine. The Structure of the Robotic Hand A robotic hand can be designed in different ways. The most important is that there is a wrist, fingers, and a way to move an object. The wrist will give the twisting motion. The fingers will be able to grab an object. Some people use grippers. The grippers work like sicorrs. There are also devices that act like sensory nerves. These devices are either light sensitive or switch activated. That way a robot would be able to tell where a light source is coming from or when it was running into a wall. The hardest part about making a robotic hand do something is to make the open and closing motion with the fingers. Humans have nerves and muscels that alow them to retract and contract their fingers. With a robot cables, motors, or pneumatic hydralics can be used. Strong cables can be used to give easy and quiet movements. Motors used with different gear ratios can make the fingers stronger when gripping or faster. By determining how much work would have to be done on the gear to make it spi n would make the gear lift an object with force.

Dictator Benito Mussolini

Dictator Benito Mussolini rose to power in Italy in the year 1922 as a Fascist Dictator. Years earlier, Mussolini began his political career as a Revolutionary Socialist, but by 1919 he was able to mold the Italian government into a paramilitary Fascist dictatorship giving him full control of Italy by 1922. Mussolini forged the Italian government into a Fascist Dictatorship under his control where he abused his power and performed criminal and unjust activities. Before Mussolini came to power the Italian mafia was still an extremely prominent group within Italy. The organized crime society functioned in illegal ways through drug trafficking, human trafficking and extortion. After close observation, scholars noticed that Mussolini's Fascism and the Italian mafia work in similar ways in that they try to control and manipulate people using their power and fear. Mussolini's fascism and the mafia also have a similar way of dealing with corruption and gaining control of people. This furthermore demonstrates how Mussolini acted in a deceitful way similar to the Italian Mafia. He did this through his actions of bribery towards the mafia for his own political and personal gain, unjust and unfair treatment of people, and being intolerant of the beliefs of others through extreme acts. The mafia was an Italian crime organization that originated in Sicily Italy and was taken to the United States through Italian immigrants moving to the United States in the late nineteenth century. The Italian mafia is a network of organized crime groups based in Italy which evolved over many decades in Sicily. Until the middle of the 19th century Sicily was an island ruled by many different foreign invaders. People of Sicily began to unite in groups to defend others and themselves in order to live in peace and unity. The term Mafioso is translated to a member of the mafia, however originally the word had no association to criminal connections and was used to refer to a person who was suspicious of being connected to central authority. By the 19th century, many of these criminal organizations titled themselves as private armies, also known as the mafia. The mafia soon evolved into a corrupt group who committed felonies like drug trafficking, human trafficking, and extortion and eventually became one of the most violent criminal organization groups known today as the Sicilian Mafia. Fascism is defined as â€Å"a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition†. Fascism places a very strong emphasis on patriotism and nationalism and is less focused on the wellbeing of the individuals rather than military power. People who object and criticize the nation's main ideals such as war are harshly chastised as unpatriotic and against the nation and can result in many different punishments the worst being treason. Additionally, Fascism loathes the principles of economic equality and disdains equality between immigrant, citizen, and government.Mussolini started out as a soldier in WWI until he was injured, afterwards he became a leading promoter of fascism. He started originally as a revolutionary socialist, but as his power began to grow he started to grow the paramilitary fascist movement in 1919. In 1922 Mussolini became the prime minister. The black shirts were members of the Fascist regime who marched on Rome and made Mussolini their Fascist leader. Mussolini worked to progress the Paramilitary Fascist movement in Italy during the years of 1919-1921. He then harassed his new power to March on Rome, and ultimately become Prime Minister. Mussolini then began to seize dictatorial power and transform the government into what he wanted it to become. Additionally, Mussolini was intolerant to any other political or religious beliefs that differed from his, which led to extreme uses of violence and force upon people.Mussolini started his rule of Italy by turning the country into a Fascist Dictatorship that was to bow down to him and only him. Among the many other flaws in Mussolini's ruling, the fascist guidelines he followed were intolerant to opposition and was therefore ill prepared to be a leader of a country. Mussolini had no way of dealing with adversity or different threatening groups, other than consolidating his power and demonstrating his strength through the government and law. Yet, the threat of the law was still not enough to keep Mussolini from doing the right thing. Mussolini began to use the Italian Mafia as an ally to not only come to power but to help maintain his ideals in the country where the mafia was most occupying. Although both Mussolini and the Mafia were intolerant to anyone with other beliefs â€Å"Mussolini still needed his Mafioso allies for a time, especially their aid in maintaining law†. This action is seen as the beginning of the numerous mischievous works that Mussolini gets himself mixed in with while he was in power. Aliening with a mafia organized crime group while in power is a sign of corrupt behavior and demonstrates his want for political gain without compromise or tolerance. The phrase â€Å"for a time† indicates an ulterior motive of planning to abandon the mafia after he has already benefited from the gain he had hoped the Mafia would help him achieve. Mussolini transformed the country of Italy into a Fascist Dictatorship which gave him the power to control everything and everyone in the country without retaliation. In order to keep the positive opinions of his people he used the Italian mafia to execute certain decisions made. He used the mafia to make his popularity rise in areas he was not pertaining to as much, â€Å"During the first two years of his regime compelling reasons to enter into collaborations with influential Mafioso, men who were capable of enforcing law and order in the countryside†. This furthermore proves the point of Mussolini using the mafia for political gain without having his actions being recorded back to him, therefore he highly influenced the organized crime group to his benefit. This is an unfit and negative attribute for a leader of a country, this relates Mussolini much to the Italian mafia which functions in the same way. However, while neither case is okay in Mussolini's case it is more important because his actions affects the entirety of Italy.One of the major components to Fascism is its intolerance and narrow-mindedness towards people in all aspects of their lives. A Fascist Dictatorship entitles Mussolini to do as he pleases, therefore when the Mafia did not assist him in his goal for unethical political gain, Mussolini's retaliation become very strong. â€Å"Above all else Mussolini was determined to destroy any possibility of effective land occupations and to suppress banditism.† A major goal of Mussolini's was to eliminate the mafia and all organized crime in Italy, he was the first leader of Italy to go to Sicily to take major action. The â€Å"determination† that Mussolini has to take vengeance on the Mafia shows that the way he acts is a sign of immaturity and very alike to the actions of an organized crime group would when faced with an issue. Although the attempted destruction of the Mafia would have been good for Italy, Mussolini's actions were not totally righteous. An ulterior motive of helping himself through destroying the group that refused Mussolini's offer for political gain demonstrates his intolerance towards groups and people that refuse or differ from him. Mussolini had previously used the Italian mafia to bend the law and help him in his Fascist regime, but when the Mafia soon began to stop these actions, Mussolini retaliated against the organized group through methods the mafia would use. However, as a leader of a country Mussolini should handle himself in a much more professional. â€Å"In the meantime, his hand strengthened by the electoral victory of 1924, Mussolini declared war on the Mafia. In May 1924, he made a triumphal tour of Sicily to consolidate his political gains of the previous month.† Mussolini's almost immediate action of punishment and retaliation towards the mafia for not doing as he instructed demonstrates not only his power hungriness but also his intolerance to others in nearly every regard. By â€Å"consolidating his political gains† he is compelling the people of Sicily to support him and his administration otherwise they will face his consequences and punishments. The Mafia and Mussolini's Fascism function in a similar way in regards to retaliation, both have a refusal to be controlled by another force or person.Mussolini was the first ruler of Italy to go on to the Mafia filled island of Sicily as well as attempt to create a plan to end the corruption. Mussolini was not taking care of the dangerous Mafia because of the well-being of the Italian people, but instead because they do not believe in his Fascist regime. The Mafia is not supportive of Fascism because it has a more negative effect on their business which makes them more of a target by the government. Mussolini wanted the Mafia imprisoned so, â€Å"Thousands of suspected Mafia criminals had been captured and tens of thousands of years of imprisonment had been handed down in penal sentence.† Since Mussolini turned the government in Italy to a now Fascist dictatorship he has the power and ability to commit their actions without any repercussions or laws in his way. Fascism entitled Mussolini to punish and imprison whomever he chose however, his actions demonstrate those similar to the Italian Mafia's. When Mussolini began to capture Mafioso's people noticed that, â€Å"When we passed through Sicily, the prisoners were crammed with these unfortunates. Later, I got to know youths of eighteen and nineteen years who said they were accused of crimes committed before they were born. † The action of imprisoning children and innocent people accused of crimes â€Å"committed before they were born† demonstrates a characteristic with Mussolini that shows an ulterior motive of not caring about the corruption the Mafia has caused but caring about personal and political gain. The Mafia has done torturous actions like this when people refuses them which demonstrates a common connection between how the two different groups function.Mussolini demonstrates his unfit behavior to be a leader of a country when he begins his retaliation against the Mafia. Because of their refusal, Mussolini treated the people in the Mafia with utter cruelty through his punishments towards the group for rejection of fascist beliefs. Mussolini imprisoned people through, â€Å"We were jammed into various stinking, crowded cells I was placed in a cell with already twenty or thirty prisoners belonging to the mafia or black hand and the widely known Sicilian society which the Mussolini government is said to have destroyed. † This obviously demonstrate the unfair and irrational treatments of people. History has shown the Mafia punishment or victimizing people through various different types of harsh punishment therefore when Mussolini imprisons people in such a difficult way the similarities between fascism and the mafia become extremely present.The march on Rome is another perfect example of Mussolini and The Mafia working in a similar conduct. Mussolini and the black shirts took control of Rome and the Italian government through force and turned it into the government that they wanted. The mafia functions very closely to that through their actions of force upon people. The illegal business conducted in the mafia has made the people within it rise to power with a high influence and heavy threats. Mussolini and the mafia have this aggressive power in common with one another demonstrating Mussolini's unfit qualities to be a leader and the type of fascist regime he is dictating is like those of an organized crime group.Overall Mussolini turned the Italian government into a Fascist Dictatorship under his control and consolidated power in a similar to the Italian Mafias. Mussolini used the Mafia's power for political and personal gain to help his own regime, then began to retaliate against the Italian mafia when they did not do as he had told. His retaliation was through ridiculous punishments demonstrating his lack of tolerance for opinions and beliefs differing from his own. Finally, the parallel resemblance between both the Mafia and Mussolini's Fascism demonstrates the common connection between both parties in the way that they conduct themselves.

The Nile River and Nile Delta in Egypt

The Nile River and Nile Delta in Egypt The Nile River in Egypt is among the longest rivers in the world, running for a length of 6,690 kilometers (4,150 miles), and it drains an area of roughly 2.9 million square kilometers, about 1.1  million square miles. No other region in our world is so dependent on a single water system, especially as it is located in one of our worlds most extensive and severe deserts. More than 90% of the population of Egypt today lives adjacent to and relies directly on the Nile and its delta. Because of ancient Egypts dependence on the Nile, the rivers paleo-climatic history, particularly the changes in the hydro-climate, helped shape the growth of dynastic Egypt and led to the decline of numerous complex societies. Physical Attributes There are three tributaries to the Nile, feeding into the main channel which flows generally northward to empty into the Mediterranean Sea. The Blue and the White Nile join together at Khartoum to create the main Nile channel, and the Atbara River joins the main Nile channel in northern Sudan. The Blue Niles source is Lake Tana; the White Nile is sourced at equatorial Lake Victoria, famously confirmed in the 1870s by David Livingston and Henry Morton Stanley. The Blue and Atbara rivers bring most of the sediment into the river channel and are fed by summer monsoon rains, while the White Nile drains the larger Central African Kenyan Plateau. The Nile Delta is roughly 500 km (310 mi) wide and 800 km (500 mi) long; the coastline as it meets the Mediterranean is 225 km (140 mi) long. The delta is made up mainly of alternating layers of silt and sand, laid down by the Nile over the past 10 thousand years or so. The elevation of the delta ranges from about 18 m (60 ft) above mean sea level at Cairo to around 1 m (3.3 ft) thick or less at the coast. Using the Nile in Antiquity The ancient Egyptians relied on the Nile as their source for reliable or at least predictable water supplies to allow their agricultural and then commercial settlements to develop. In ancient Egypt, the flooding of the Nile was predictable enough for the Egyptians to plan their yearly crops around it. The delta region flooded annually from June to September, as a result of monsoons in Ethiopia. A famine resulted when there was inadequate or surplus flooding. The ancient Egyptians learned partial control of the flood waters of the Nile by means of irrigation. They also wrote hymns to Hapy, the Nile flood god. In addition to being a source of water for their crops, the Nile River was a source of fish and waterfowl, and a major transportation artery linking all of the parts of Egypt, as well as linking Egypt to its neighbors. But the Nile does fluctuate from year to year. From one ancient period to the next, the course of the Nile, the amount of water in its channel, and the amount of silt deposited in the delta varied, bringing abundant harvest or devastating drought. This process continues. Technology and the Nile Egypt was first occupied by humans during the Paleolithic period, and they were undoubtedly affected by the Niles fluctuations. The earliest evidence for technological adaptations of the Nile occurred in the delta region at the end of the Predynastic Period, between about 4000 and 3100 B.C.E., when farmers began building canals. Other innovations include: Predynastic (1st Dynasty 3000–2686 B.C.E.)- Sluice gate construction allowed deliberate flooding and draining of farm fieldsOld Kingdom (3rd Dynasty 2667–2648 B.C.E.)- 2/3 of the delta was affected by irrigation worksOld Kingdom (3rd–8th Dynasties 2648–2160 B.C.E.)- Increasing aridification of the region leads to the progressively advanced technology including the building of artificial levees and enlarging and dredging of natural overflow channelsOld Kingdom (6th–8th Dynasties)- Despite the new technologies developed during the Old Kingdom, aridification increased such that there was a 30 year period in which flooding of the delta did not occur, contributing to the end of the Old Kingdom.New Kingdom (18th dynasty, 1550–1292 B.C.E.)- Shadoof technology (so-called Archimedes Screw invented long before Archimedes) first introduced, allowing farmers to plant several crops a yearPtolemaic period (332–30 B.C.E.)- Agricultural intensificatio n increased as population moved into the delta regionArab Conquest (1200–1203 C.E.)- Severe drought conditions led to famine and cannibalism as reported by the Arabic historian Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231 C.E.) Ancient Descriptions of the Nile From Herodotus, Book II of The Histories: [F]or it was evident to me that the space between the aforesaid mountain-ranges, which lie above the city of Memphis, once was a gulf of the sea,... if it be permitted to compare small things with great; and small these are in comparison, for of the rivers which heaped up the soil in those regions none is worthy to be compared to volume with a single one of the mouths of the Nile, which has five mouths. Also from Herodotus, Book II: If then the stream of the Nile should turn aside into this Arabian gulf, what would hinder that gulf from being filled up with silt as the river continued to flow, at all events within a period of twenty thousand years? From Lucans Pharsalia: Egypt on the west Girt by the trackless Syrtes forces back By sevenfold stream the ocean; rich in glebe And gold and merchandise; and proud of Nile Asks for no rain from heaven. Sources: Castaà ±eda IS, Schouten S, Ptzold J, Lucassen F, Kasemann S, Kuhlmann H, and Schefuß E. 2016. Hydroclimate variability in the Nile River Basin during the past 28,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 438:47-56.Krom MD, Stanley JD, Cliff RA, and Woodward JC. 2002. Nile River sediment fluctuations over the past 7000 yr and their key role in sapropel development. Geology 30(1):71-74.Santoro MM, Hassan FA, Wahab MA, Cerveny RS, and Robert C Balling J. 2015. An aggregated climate teleconnection index linked to historical Egyptian famines of the last thousand years. The Holocene 25(5):872-879.Stanley DJ. 1998. Nile Delta in its destruction phase. Journal of Coastal Research 14(3):794-825.

Free Speech VS. Hate Speech essays

Free Speech VS. Hate Speech essays Most Americans would like to think that the United States is a place open to diversity with room for everyone. The fact is, hate is a huge block to this vision, and the atrocities of Mathew Shepard and James Byrd grow by the day increasing the search for a remedy. We used to be able to ignore people who spoke of hate because they wore white hoods and had meetings in secluded places. Now, people like Eminen and John Rocker can speak hate over the television, radio, and especially the Internet (Goldstein, 2000). This new form of hate speech has caused much debate and controversy because every where a person looks some form of hate is being spoken. Some institutions have tried to curb hate speech by instituting speech codes, which try to eliminate hate speech. However, these speech codes have been confronted by much debate. Whether or not people need to be censored is a question asked by many in the debate between The First Amendment, which guarantees Civil liberties, and The Fourt eenth Amendment, which guarantees Civil rights. Civil rights vs. Civil liberties. In short, is hate speech protected under the rights and liberties of the constitution. Hate Speech is a very troubling matter for those who believe in the right to Free Speech and expression. They want to stop the hate, but at the same time, maintain the constitution. Many have tried to define hate speech as that which offends, threatens, or insults groups based on race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or a number of other traits (McMasters, 1999). However, what might be easy to define for scholarly or general discourse would simply not be adequate enough to put into law. McMasters (1999), gives several reasons why hate speech is so hard to define. First, "is the definition in terms of what the speech reflects, such as bigotry, bias, prejudice, anger, or fear? Or is it a matter of what the speech conveys: intimidation, vil...

Victor & Rolf brand analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Victor & Rolf brand analysis - Essay Example Two Dutch Designers Viktor Horsting and Rolf Snoeren (amazingly identical to each other in some styles) mutually started this company in 1993, after their Graduation from the same academy, Arnhem Academy of Arts and Design. They said that they got inspiration from a German TV Program and thus decided to come in the fashion world and show their creativity (Menkes 2003). During the whole journey of their Business Viktor & Rolf have made collaboration with many other brands which include Samsonite, Shu Umeura, H&M and Piper Hiedsiek and this list include many others at small scale. Viktor & Rolf had also won certain prizes for their contribution in the fashion industry. They also presented their creations in certain exhibitions, art galleries and festivals and also got appreciation. Both the Founders of Viktor and Rolf are very much famous for their unique and surreal style of presenting their clothing lines. They actually try to twirl mind's eye in to veracity. About the Brand: The bra nd Viktor & Rolf was launched in Paris in 1993 at first. At the start both the founders of Viktor & Rolf assist some other designers and tried on their own ideas in the evening spare time (Viktor & Rolf: A Biography, 2012). Viktor & Rolf offered men’s and women’s wear and also include Haute Couture. ... In the mid of 2000’s, Viktor & Rolf entered in to the new voyage and offered a fragrance for women, in collaboration with L’Oreal, naming the Flowerbomb. Later they themselves progressed in this perfume industry. The Dutch Designers Viktor & Rolf are popular for their claims to change the imaginations in to the real world. The news has been roaming around from the start of 2013 that this year Victor & Rolf are again presenting their old Haute Couture fashion back and thus celebrating the 20 years of success in this way (Diderich 2013). Products: The company under the brand name of Viktor & Rolf is providing apparels, Clothing, shoes, perfumes, eye-wares and other accessories. Viktor & Rolf are working on men and women wear, ready to wear clothes, Haute Couture (special kind of fancy but hand-made clothing) and a perfume line also. Initially these clothing lines were introduced only for females only later on the lines for men were also introduced. Within all these produc t lines, the prominent and appealing feature is the creativity and innovativeness among the offers. Flowerbomb was the First ever perfume launched by Viktor & Rolf. This product was launched in Paris in the mid of 2000’s. The ladies perfume launched by the fashion brand, Viktor and Rolf, is so much popular that everyone wants to have it in her perfume collection. They are also working on the fragrances which can be offered for males. The bottle of the perfume Flowerbomb is like hand grenade. Its unique shape and sweet fragrance also adds points to the offered product. It is also included in the list of top ranking women perfumes (Smith 2005). The perfume Flowerbomb after gaining much success, launched in US, hoping to catch the huge market as

There are three topic in the file. choose one of them. thanks Essay

There are three topic in the file. choose one of them. thanks - Essay Example From the inception of patriarchal society, women’s labor has been carefully and systematically neglected and pushed to the background. It has never been acknowledged as pertinent to the main economic sources and centers of power. America, with its Puritan origins, strictly adhered to narrow gender roles, as religion dictated. The duties of women had been, traditionally, confined to the home and the hearth. They were the biblical ‘helpmates’, the passive caretaker of their children and their husband, while men were exalted as brave, noble and powerful in their ability to provide for and protect their women. In the 19th century, rapid industrialization produced a demand for cheap labor in America. Rural men who began to throng the busy cities in search of work seized this opportunity. Economy saw a shift from an agrarian mode to the dominance of waged labor. The vision of the earning man and the meek mother and wife – the ‘angel of the house’ - b ecame a cultural stereotype that was repeatedly reinforced through the literature and the politics of the day. However, the social climate was slowly changing. During the 1820s, women, especially young farm girls, began to participate in waged work as demand for labor rose. Women began to occupy a substantial position in the economic scheme of the newly industrialized nation. (Figart 1) The division between the spheres of the glorified male and degraded female labor saw a definite change in the 20th century United States. Emma Goldman, in her radically anarchist essay, champions the rights of worker, both male and female, over the state-issued exploitative policies of a greedy, capitalist society (Goldman). American Women Workers in the early 20th century As women became integrated within the larger economic network, the number of paid women workers began to increase. In the 20th century, for the first time in the history of the nation, women labor became an ‘established prese nce’ in the industrial set up. (Figart) However, while capitalist exploitation was a predominant evil of the American society, severe gender bias created an added problem for the female workers. In the early 20th century, they were still social and cultural stigmas associated with married women workers, unless they could provide evidence severe financial necessity. Furthermore, on the hand, the patriarchal order of society began to perceive threats in the increasing number of financially independent women who were now competing with men for their of the job market, since female labor cost less and were more easily exploitable. The women were not only victimized by their employers, economically and physically, but also by the larger society through marginalization and stigma. Racial and class divisions were crucial features of labor politics. When the viciousness of the First World War (1914-1918) took the men away from home, white, middle class women began to emerge from thei r sheltered existence and took on the novel role of the ‘breadwinner’. Previously, waged work was limited to the colored, poor or immigrant women. Now, with the inclusion of the educated middle women’s work, for the first time, gained an amount of prestige and social approval that

Business & Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business & Employment Law - Essay Example The entering into contract with Fernando by Simon is not legible. In the sale that Fernando entered into had no acceptance into the contract of sales. The offer was made by Simon and accepted by one party2. The seller did not enter to the allowance of the buying by Fernando. The contract was no variation in the terms of offer. Fernando though accepted the offer that was made by Simon did not notify him so that they could agree on the terms of the sales and the services that could be offered by Simon to him after the sales. In the sales there should be intention to be legally bound. The agreement that was to occur between the two parties were not confirmed by the law due to the fact that the agreement between the two was not reviewed. The enforcement was also not done in the basis of the public policy. Simon can be made not liable for the inconveniencies that was caused to Fernando. This is due to the considerations that was not made between the two. The value was worth to the contract that could have been reached between the two but it was not reached. Consideration as an element of an agreement for sale between the two parties was not agreed that could make them being bounded by the law to take the particular exchange of the book. The exchange that was to occur between the two people also was that that could not be held for productive use in the exchange since Simon was not able to receive the mail that was sent to him by Fernando. The exchange between the two was not of like kind since the two were not of the same nature and did not come to the agreement3. Fernando included in the payment for the book other additions that were not recommended and specified by Simon in his advertisement for the sale of the book. The additional charges makes the seller of the book not liable since he did not quote them in the advertisement. The contract that the two came into was void and this makes no

Super Size Me Essay Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me Essay Essay SuperSize Me shows that the food industry is to blame for the obesity epidemic in America. Do you agree? –Agree. Throughout the film, SuperSize Me shows that the food industry is to blame for the obesity epidemic in America. After watching the film, one would evidently come to terms with the fact that these industries are to blame. Spurlock presents information, outlining that these companies are only out to get your dollar, regardless of how they achieve their profits. As they continue to grow, these fast food industries find new ways to mass produce their food, quickly and cheaply. This in turn, sacrifices the quality of the food, as SuperSize Me emphasizes the cheap and health threatening ingredients they inject into their food though cartoons and other visual aids to help illustrate. Advertising also plays a major role in the companies’ scheme to inculcate their messages in your thinking, so you buy their product the next time you pass their stores. The film also goes on to highlight that the convenience of these stores along with the addictive elements appended to them, will only have a short term effect on the consumer, stating if these â€Å"trends† continue for the average obese American, the average obese American may not be around for much longer. As one of the highlights of the film, SuperSize Me continually brings up the danger of fast foods has on our health. Spurlock shows the audience this each time he goes for his regular check up with his recruited army of doctors. Each time he attends, his heath clearly declines from its point of origin when the only dependent variable changing his body, is the food he consumes. Until the end of his diet, his ‘glorified’ poor health is accentuated through the words of his health experts as a result of the food he had been consuming. From a point of view outlining film technique, Spurlock ‘intimidates’ the audience with a disturbing 20 lbs. (9kg) jar full of fat placed on the table. This was a confronting move he played in order to get his audience thinking about the reality of the danger in fast food when it is placed in front of the individual. Even more so, Spurlock consumed 30lbs. of sugar by the end of his diet. Mostly in the coke, the sugar also accounted for about 10% of the meal, that is, the buns, meat and fries. The poor quality of the food also adds to the problem, in one snippet of the film, Spurlock continues about the â€Å"McFrankenstein† elements of meat they compose together to create foods â€Å"not utilised by the home cook. In this case, chicken nuggets were the issue. SuperSize Me also informs the audience of the use of advertising, and its psychological effects it can have on individuals. Fast food giants have learned that inculcating their messages into consumers’ minds; will get them in their stores and purchasing their products more often. They have seen advertising as an investment rather a waste of money as they spend â €Å"1. billion dollars on direct media advertising worldwide in 2001† By repetitively bombarding individuals with their brand or logo essentially brainwashes the way they make calculated decisions, next time meal time comes around. This is known as â€Å"brand imprinting† and the film focuses on how this infiltrates the minds of children in particular, stating each child will see â€Å"at least 10,000 advertisements on fast food alone each year. † Children chanting about the fast food brands at the start of the film is a great example of this; the repetitive chant effectively inundates the mind with constant thought of food. These brands aren’t just a food service; they are a basis of comfort as children conduct in playful games around these brands as if they are a part of their life. Spurlock conducted a small experiment on a handful of children to test this brand imprinting. He showed the kids multiple flash cards, each with an icon or image on it such as Wendy’s, Jesus, etcetera. Each time McDonalds came up, every child was able to identify it. Essentially, the bottom line of brand imprinting is to create a positive experience for the consumer at a young age. By doing so you create a safe haven for the customer experience, and as they become adults free to make their own decisions they are then hooked on the products of the company produces, and continues to purchase them. As the generations progress, this can pose a new problem with obesity having an echo effect on the generations to come. The convenience of these stores also contains contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. SuperSize Me shows fast food companies have made it too easy for consumers to get their hands on their products through the plethora of ways you can get your food. All too many times the audience is shown Spurlock receiving his food through the drive-thru or home delivery, but in some cases he will get it himself generally when McDonalds is just down the stairs from the sky rise he is in. The availability of these restaurants is also quite remarkable, Spurlock states â€Å"McDonalds operates over 30,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries on six continents† not to mention most of them never close up shop. On the other hand, some people seem to think that exercising personal responsibility can be the answer to the obesity casualty. This may be possible; however it is short-sighted thinking to overlook the facts about how these food giants have achieved to get to where they are now and continue to do. If we could exercise personal responsibility, then why didn’t we do so when these companies were at their weakest? They are where they are now because they worked around our will power with subtle plans of attack. SuperSize Me has given clear evidence that these food industries are a problem, and has taken an unfortunate turn to result in the harm of our general wellbeing. We can stop them by demanding change, rather than suing them for our problems we can go to our government and demand guidelines by which these companies has to follow by to serve fresh, healthy food that’s not loaded up with sugar and fat. By eating these foods, â€Å"we are part of the problem, but we are also part of the solution. † Wether chose to take action depicts the quality of life we bestow upon ourselves and future generations. â€Å"I guess the big question is, who do you want to see go first? You? Or them? †

John Updike :: essays research papers

John Hoyer Updike was born March 18, 1932 to Linda Grace Updike and Wesley Russell Updike in Reading, Pennsylvania. Wesley Updike was originally from New Jersey where he worked as a telephone splicer and was laid off from his job during the depression. Wesley Updike met his wife Linda Updike in New Jersey. After Wesley Updike was laid off in New Jersey they moved to Shillington, Pennsylvania where Linda Updike was from. Wesley Updike became a teacher at the local High School. ("Updike,John 413). John Updike started to attend public schools in Shillington in 1936; he continued to attend schools in Shillington until 1950. In 1945 his family moved to an 80-acre farmhouse in Plowville, Pennsylvania eleven miles from Shillington. In 1950 John Updike graduated president and co-valedictorian from Shillington High School. During the summer he worked as a copy boy for the Reading Eagle. As a copy boy, he wrote a few feature stories for the newspaper ("Updike,John 414). That fall he began to attend Harvard and started writing for the Harvard Lampoon a funny magazine where he was later elected the president of the magazine. On June 26, 1953 he married his wife Mary E, Pennington a fine arts major from Radcliffe, she was two years older than John Updike. In 1954 he wrote his senior paper on Robert Herrick, who was a 17th century poet. That summer he graduated from Harvard summa cum laude (Yerkes, James 4/2/00). The next fall John Updike moves to England on a Knox Fellowship where he enrolled in the fine arts at Oxford. At Oxford he met Katharine White and she offers him a job on the staff of The New Yorker. That summer he returned to his wife, and their first child Elizabeth was born April 1, 1955. He moved his family to Manhattan where he began his work at The New Yorker. 1957 son David was born and he left the staff of The New Yorker to concentrate on his own writing. May 14 1959 son Michael was born. December 15, 1960 his last child Miranda was born. In 1962 John Updike began teaching at Harvard. On April 1, 1964 elected to the American Academy of Arts at 32, he was the youngest member ever elected. In 1976 he filed for divorce and was granted. He moved in with Martha Bernhard and her three sons. He married Martha on September 30 of that year.

Proctor in The Crucible :: Arthur Miller

The Crucible In the The Crucible by Arthur Miller, justice is raped by the immorality of those who kill for pleasure. Salem 1690’s, an epidemic of accusations is going around the village. Women, Men and Children are accusing others of witchcraft. More than a dozen of girls fell ill, everything attributed to the devil. Men and Women are being killed by immoral accusations, some of them because of land disputes, but others because of forbidden passions. A forbidden passion between Proctor and Abigail leads into the tragedy of the play. Proctor is a man with a lot of moral problems, who always concerns only for the care of his family and social welfare. When avoiding his involvement in the trails of witchcraft, he is accused of witchery and sentenced to death. Arthur Miller shows us Proctor as a common farmer, who is honest, and respectable, who only cares for his family. Proctor lives in the town with his wife and their children. Nevertheless, as the play goes, Miller lets us know that Proctor has a significant secret, an extramarital relation with Abigail Williams, relation that was over for Proctor, but not for Abigail. In the following passage Abigail tells Proctor, why she loves him: â€Å"I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was thought by all these christians women and their covenanted men! and now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet.†(page 177) Abigail does not want to believe that everything is over between her and Proctor. For Proctor everything is something of the past, while there is something in him that makes him feel love for Abigail. On the other hand, for Abigail, Proctor is everything and will make everything possible to get his love. Love that will soon come a passion that will set the tragedy in the play. In addition, this affair causes Elizabeth to not believe Proctor, which causes lack of communication between the matrimony. Proctor, who for seven months was trying to get Elizabeth trust again is tired of her suspicions, and tells that, â€Å"Spare me! you forget nothing and forgive nothing. Learn charity, woman.

“With Liberty and Justice for All”

An opinion of the social inequality that exists as it pertains to Gay Marriage Aimee L. Vroman Strayer University Online Introduction to Sociology SOC 100-015016 Professor Paul Humenik August 22, 2010 Abstract In recent years, the debate over same-sex marriage has grown from an issue that occasionally arose in a few states to a nationwide controversy. Indeed, in the last five years, the debate over gay marriage has been heard in the halls of the U. S.Congress, at the White House, in dozens of state legislatures and courtrooms, and in the rhetoric of election campaigns at both the national and state levels. Moreover, the battle over whether gays and lesbians should be allowed to wed shows no signs of abating. In the last year alone, three states have banned same-sex marriage and four states have legalized the practice. The time for debate is now over. The issue of gay marriage is not one of religious degradation, social erosion, or even ethical breakdown. It is an issue of inalienable rights guaranteed to all citizens of this country.The fact that our federal government does not recognize gay marriages is an atrocity and shameful at best. â€Å"The foundation to gay rights will ultimately be seen as the right to marry, because with that right firmly established in law, most other forms of discrimination could not be justified. † (Bidstrup, Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry, 1996) When we as a society look outwards, we see everything that we can do to help other societies attain our level of justice, personal and financial success, freedoms, and everything else that comes with our knowledge and perseverance.However, if we as a society were to look inward at ourselves (something that I am confident that only a small percentage of our society is willing to do) and at our society as a whole, would we see it in a different light? Would we see that even after fifty years of civil rights and equal opportunity that we still oppress and treat some groups of our society as second class citizens? Our country’s Bill of Rights has been modified by Constitutional Amendments to say the each and every American citizen has certain inalienable rights.The right to be married is one that we Americans hold near and dear to our hearts. Why then, is this particular right denied to the gay community? One of the biggest and loudest arguments against gay marriage in this country is that it is against God and that it is against what it says in the Bible (The Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve argument). Yes, this country was founded on Christian principles and laws that were perceived to be fair to all of its citizenry. However, this is not the seventeen hundreds nor is it the time of the Inquisition.This is the so called Modern Era, in which not only technology and finance are supposed to be upgraded and ever changing for the better but also societal acceptance of people that are different from what we perceive as mainstream and the societal norm. How can there be societal justice for the gay community when we as a society, who proclaim ourselves to be enlightened and forward thinking, deny even this most basic of rights to the gay community? The answer is simple; there can be no societal justice for the gay community in this aspect.What if we were to turn the tables on society and tell everyone that is not a part of the gay community that their marriages, civil unions, and other forms of partnership were invalid and no longer existed in the eyes of the government? There would be a societal upheaval. Anarchy would ensue and the government would be dismantled by the people. Later, when the people had decided that there had been enough chaos, reformed by the people and for the people. The only reason this has not happened with the gay community is because they are the minority in this case.For centuries of our country’s history, we have been guilty of oppressing and even enslaving the minorities within our society, to say n othing of denying them the inalienable rights called for in our own Constitution. Over time, those minorities that have fought and fought hard for these rights have eventually been afforded these rights by Constitutional Amendments. Yet still, here we sit in the twenty-first century, and we still cannot see past our own biases and our deep rooted fears of anything that is different or contrary to us.At the end of the day, our opposition to gay marriage stems ultimately from a deep-seeded homophobia in our culture and society, borne almost entirely out of religious prejudice. While many of us do not realize that homophobia exists to the extent that it does, it is a very real part of every gay person's life, just like racism is a very real part of every African American’s life. It is there, it is pervasive, and it has far more serious consequences for our society than most of us realize, not just for gay people, but for society in general.This religious prejudice comes from sev eral well known entities. Those entities include, but are not limited to, the Catholic Church, the Mormon Church, the American Family Association, and Focus on the Family, and the most conservative of Protestant sects. Together with their various political subsidiary groups, a whole host of smaller right-wing political and religious organizations, and a few out-right hate groups, they are shaping national and local policy towards the gay community.They spend millions of dollars twisting and deforming referendums, propositions, and other local instruments of law solely for the purpose of fear mongering to scare the populace into line at the polls. It is these kinds of tactics being employed that are outdated and flat out wrong in the moral and ethical sense. They say that money corrupts; well the proof is in the proverbial pudding. The fear mongering turns into unparalleled hate and it is fueled by these so called â€Å"Christian† organizations. This is contrary to the Christi an way of life and contrary to the convictions of a Christian.Hatred by itself, dressed up as religious dogma has been used for so long that it is beginning to lose its effectiveness (eventually people begin to figure out that it is mostly a tactic for filling pews, collection plates and campaign coffers more than it is a way of reforming lost souls and improving society), so the more clever of these organizations have begun to move onto a slick propaganda effort based on that long-time favorite winner, fear (Bidstrup, Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives, 2009). The time for rhetoric and Bible thumping is over. Our country had its time of religious revolution.It is now time for every person, regardless of gender, race, religious belief, or sexual orientation, to be given the rights that our laws and traditions provide. This idea has been the cornerstone of our society and our nation for hundreds of years. â€Å"We cannot accept the view that Amendment 2's prohibition on specifi c legal protections does no more than deprive homosexuals of special rights. To the contrary, the amendment imposes a special disability on those persons alone. Homosexuals are forbidden the safeguards that others enjoy or may seek without constraint. (Kennedy, Stevens, O'Connor, Souter, Ginsburg, & Breyer, 1996) In the Supreme Court opinion that this quote is taken from, it says very plainly that a state (Colorado in this case) cannot prevent any group of persons from taking part in any public or private transaction. Though this case was hotly debated over the next fifteen years, Colorado in 2007 passed a law prohibiting any discrimination against homosexuals. Now if one state can do this and then another and then another, why is it so hard for our federally elected officials to do the same thing?The only answer that I can give is the activists, hate groups, and church lobbyists that throw millions of dollars into the coffers of our Senators and Congressman. This dirty money en sures that once again they will get elected and that once again they will vote to keep the gay community as second class citizens. This state of affairs is unacceptable. The time for change is now. Freedom is the right of every American regardless of gender, race, religious affiliation, and sexual orientation. It is high time that we, as a society, stand up and say in one unified voice, â€Å"This is wrong and we are not going to stand for it any longer!Works CitedBidstrup, S. (2009, June 3). Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives. Retrieved August 19, 2010, from Bidstrup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/marriage. htm Bidstrup, S. (1996, December 4).Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry. Retrieved August 18, 2010, from Bidtrsup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/hawaii. htm Kennedy, A. M. , Stevens, J. P. , O'Connor, S. D. , Souter, D. H. , Ginsburg, R. B. , & Breyer, S. G. (1996, October 20).Supreme Court Bound Volume 517. Retrieved August 18, 2010, from United States Supreme Court : http://www. supremecourt. gov/opinions/boundvolumes/517bv. pdf

Cheetah essays

Cheetah essays The cheetahs distinguishing marks are the long teardrop shaped lines on each side of the nose from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. There are no spots on its white belly, and the tail has spots, which merge to form dark rings at the end. Distinctive individual ring patterns on the tail enable the identification of specific cheetahs. An adult cheetah weighs 80-140 lb., is about 32 in. tall at the shoulder and 48-56 in. long with another 28-32 in. in the tail. Males are a little larger than females. Of all the big cats, the cheetahs have the least strength and as a result they are often killed. The Cheetah is most famous for its speed and can accelerate from zero to 40 mph in three strides and to full speed of 70 mph in seconds. As the cheetah runs, only one foot at a time touches the ground. There are two points, in its 20 to 25 foot stride when no feet touch the ground. The cheetah can run only 400 to 600 yards before it is exhausted at this time it is extremely vulnerable to other predators, which may not only steal its prey, but attack it as well. Its body is narrow, lightweight with long, slender feet and legs, and specialized muscles, which act simultaneously for high acceleration and allowing greater swing to the limbs. Its hip and shoulder girdles swivel on a flexible spine that curves up and down, as the limbs are alternately bunched up and then extended when running, giving greater reach to the legs. The cheetahs long and muscular tail acts as a stabilizer for balance to counteract its body. The cheetah is the only cat with short, blunt semi non-retractable claw s that help grip the ground for traction when running. Their paws are less rounded than the other cats, and their pads are hard, similar to tire treads, to help them in fast, sharp turns. Cheetahs are distributed primarily throughout the drier parts of Africa. They are ...

Big fish essays

Big fish essays Big Fish is a movie about a father and son who arent very close. The son, William Bloom, is angry with his father because the father is always telling stories, or tall tales. The father, Edward Bloom, starts out in the movie telling the story about catching the fish at Williams wedding reception. William is really upset with his dad for telling the stories and storms out of his own reception. This ultimately leads to the fallout, or not talking, between the father and son. William gets a call from his mother, and she tells him his father is ill and that William needs to come home. When William returns home, he finds his father ill and weak, in bed. William wants to find out from his father the truth about Edward's life. All William has known is the stories, but William knows the stories are not true. The movie strays away from reality and goes into the stories behind the fathers life. When Edward was a kid, he and some friends went to an old witchs house, where he was dared to steal her magical eye. Edward gained the courage to go up to the witches door and she shows him something. The witch shows Edward how he and his friends were going to die. Coincidentally the witch was also the character that played Jenny Beaman. Growing up, Edward became the towns pride. He conquered many things in the town of Ashton. Edward volunteered to conquer the giant that was terrorizing the town, the giant known as Karl ends up becoming friends with Edward. Edward convinces Karl the town is just too small and they decide to leave the town together. They encounter many things on their way. Edward strays away from Karl and takes a shortcut, which he ends up in the town of Spectre. He meets people such as the little girl, Jenny Beaman, and Norther Winslow. Edward decides that Spectre isnt the place for him, yet. When Edward finally gets to the point that he meets Karl on the road, they go to the ...